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License status and Mdexa hosting, recorded separatelyAll datasets

GEO

Verified by Mdexa · Checked against the source text under public rules.How we check

Commercial use
UnclearUnstated
Derivatives
UnclearUnstated
Redistribution
Yes
File on Mdexa
NoPending

the official terms say the data are free to use but not whether commercial use or redistribution is allowed: unstated, terms present (Article 24) Some submitters may claim patent, copyright or other rights in part of the data: check the exceptions before use.

UnstatedPendingNOASSERTIONSave

Badge

Mdexa verified · Unstated · 2026-11Mdexa verifiedUnstated · 2026-11

[![Mdexa verified · Unstated · 2026-11](https://mcp.mdexa.com/v1/badge/datasets/geo.svg)](https://mdexa.com/datasets/geo/)

Place it on a repository or dataset page; the status and date follow the verification. About badges

Cite this pageMdexa, GEO, https://mdexa.com/datasets/geo/, verified 2026-11-14.

Key facts

Domain
Genomics and omics Modern medicine
Content
DatabasesThe GEO database is designed to provide and encourage access within the scientific community to the most up to date and comprehensive gene expression and hybridization array data.
Size
—
Language / modality
English / Text
Publisher
NCBI
Year
—
Expert review
—
Verification
Partially verified

Commercial use of GEO

Commercial use: Unclear (Unstated). License status: Unstated.

Third-party rights
The source notes that some content may carry third-party rights.
Terms of use
The source carries terms of use; they do not state commercial use item by item.

Quoted statements and their sources are in GEO license evidence.

Verdicts record what sources state and are not legal advice.

Practical information

Content scope

  • The GEO database is designed to provide and encourage access within the scientific community to the most up to date and comprehensive gene expression and hybridization array data.
    ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ·
    The GEO database is designed to provide and encourage access within the scientific community to the most up to date and comprehensive gene expression and hybridization array data.

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/info/disclaimer.html · Dataset page · checked 2026-11-13

  • The information presented on the GEO web site is based on data submitted by the scientific community.
    ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ·
    The information presented on the GEO web site is based on data submitted by the scientific community.

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/info/disclaimer.html · Dataset page · checked 2026-11-13

Identifiers

Access

  • Bulk downloadncbi.nlm.nih.gov gz · tgz

    Same terms as the card's license.

    • Some parent directories can no longer be accessed using web browsers due to time-out errors.
      ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ·
      However, GEO now holds such large numbers of submissions that some parent directories can no longer be accessed using web browsers due to time-out errors.

      https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/info/download.html · Dataset page · checked 2026-11-13

  • Bulk downloadncbi.nlm.nih.gov gz

    Same terms as the card's license.

    • Some parent directories can no longer be accessed using web browsers due to time-out errors.
      ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ·
      However, GEO now holds such large numbers of submissions that some parent directories can no longer be accessed using web browsers due to time-out errors.

      https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/info/download.html · Dataset page · checked 2026-11-13

Known defects and misuse

  • Huang et al. note that elements such as sample source, sex or experimental condition are often missing or inconsistently reported in GEO and SRA.
    pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ·
    For instance, studies have shown that metadata elements such as sample source, sex, or experimental condition are often missing or inconsistently reported in public repositories like GEO and SRA, limiting reusability [ 1 , 14 ].

    https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12421755/ · peer-reviewed-paper · checked 2026-11-14

Suited for

  • Tools and features are provided to facilitate mining and advanced queries, with the aim of assisting identification of observations of interest.
    ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ·
    Tools and features are provided to facilitate mining and advanced queries, with the aim to assist identification of observations of interest.

    https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/info/disclaimer.html · Dataset page · checked 2026-11-13

Tags

Intended use
Retrieval knowledge base

Author-statedInferredHuman-confirmed

GEO license evidence 10

  1. Terms of use pagePage opened
    Third-party text · Terms of use pageTherefore, NCBI places no restrictions on the use or distribution of the GEO data.

    Statement found in snapshot s04 (terms-page)

    ncbi.nlm.nih.gov2026-11-13 · s04
  2. Terms of use pagePage opened
    Third-party text · Terms of use pageHowever, some submitters may claim patent, copyright, or other intellectual property rights in all or a portion of the data they have submitted.

    Statement found in snapshot s04 (terms-page)

    ncbi.nlm.nih.gov2026-11-13 · s04
  3. Terms of use pagePage opened
    Third-party text · Terms of use pageNCBI is not in a position to assess the validity of such claims, and therefore cannot provide comment or unrestricted permission concerning the use, copying, or distribution of the information contained in GEO.

    Statement found in snapshot s04 (terms-page)

    ncbi.nlm.nih.gov2026-11-13 · s04
  1. Terms of use pagePage opened
    Third-party text · Terms of use pageUnless otherwise stated, documents and files on NCBI Web servers may be freely downloaded and reproduced.

    Statement found in snapshot s04 (terms-page)

    ncbi.nlm.nih.gov2026-11-13 · s04
  2. Terms of use pagePage opened
    Third-party text · Terms of use pageHowever, some material on this site, such as abstracts, may be copyright protected under the U.S. and foreign copyright laws.

    Statement found in snapshot s04 (terms-page)

    ncbi.nlm.nih.gov2026-11-13 · s04
  3. Terms of use pagePage opened
    Third-party text · Terms of use pageFor such material, the submitting authors or publishers retain all rights for reproduction or redistribution.

    Statement found in snapshot s04 (terms-page)

    ncbi.nlm.nih.gov2026-11-13 · s04
  4. Terms of use pagePage opened
    Third-party text · Terms of use pagePermission to reproduce these documents may be required.

    Statement found in snapshot s04 (terms-page)

    ncbi.nlm.nih.gov2026-11-13 · s04
  5. Terms of use pagePage opened
    Third-party text · Terms of use pageAll persons reproducing, redistributing, or making commercial use of this information are expected to adhere to the terms and conditions asserted by the copyright holder.

    Statement found in snapshot s04 (terms-page)

    ncbi.nlm.nih.gov2026-11-13 · s04
  6. Dataset pagePage opened
    Third-party text · Dataset pageAll GEO records and raw data files are freely available for bulk download from our FTP site.

    Statement found in snapshot s07 (page)

    ncbi.nlm.nih.gov2026-11-13 · s07
  7. Dataset pagePage opened
    Third-party text · Dataset pageAll GEO DataSet records are freely available for bulk download from our FTP site.

    Statement found in snapshot s07 (page)

    ncbi.nlm.nih.gov2026-11-13 · s07

Source and lineage

No upstream or downstream datasets recorded.

Known issues with GEO

  • Some parent directories can no longer be accessed using web browsers due to time-out errors.
  • NCBI cannot independently verify the validity, quality or biological significance of submitted data.

Preflight

Not run Runs only on ingested data; says nothing about quality.

Downloading GEO and API access

No file on Mdexa (see the verdict). Get it from the source and confirm the terms there:

Citing GEO

Mdexa, GEO, https://mdexa.com/datasets/geo/, verified 2026-11-14.
More citation details

The source gives no citation text; the line above cites this card.

Machine-readable

geo.jsongeo.mdcatalog.json

Change log 2
2026-11-14Some submitters may claim patent, copyright or other rights in part of the data: check the exceptions before use.
2026-11-14Listed on 2026-11-14. Judged by public rules and checked a second time before listing. The two passes disagreed; the stricter reading is carried: Second pass: redistribution: looser by the source's own words (looser-explicit): 原文明示对分发不设限制（no restrictions on the ... distribution），再分发被明确涉及且为许可；提交者权利主张为丙类不降级。按原文应为 yes；比拟定更宽，交采纳环节决定。

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No sourced statement yet

Latest version · Update cycle · Breaking changes · Unsuited tasks · Commercial licensing