Get started Console

Modern medicine75

Traditional medicine24

Cross-cutting12

Collections

Models8

License status and Mdexa hosting, recorded separatelyAll datasets

PubMed

Verified by Mdexa · Checked against the source text under public rules.How we check

Commercial use
UnclearUnstated
Derivatives
UnclearUnstated
Redistribution
Conditional
File on Mdexa
NoPending

the official terms say the data are free to use but not whether commercial use or redistribution is allowed: unstated, terms present (Article 24)

UnstatedPendingNOASSERTIONSave

Badge

Mdexa verified · Unstated · 2026-11Mdexa verifiedUnstated · 2026-11

[![Mdexa verified · Unstated · 2026-11](https://mcp.mdexa.com/v1/badge/datasets/pubmed-medline.svg)](https://mdexa.com/datasets/pubmed-medline/)

Place it on a repository or dataset page; the status and date follow the verification. About badges

Cite this pageMdexa, PubMed, https://mdexa.com/datasets/pubmed-medline/, verified 2026-11-13.

Source riskDerived

Key facts

Domain
Biomedical literature Modern medicine
Content
Databases · LiteratureFree resource for searching and retrieving biomedical and life sciences literature, containing more than 40 million citations and abstracts, but it does not include full text journal articles.
Size
—As stated: more than 40 million citations and abstracts
Language / modality
English / Text
Publisher
U.S. National Library of Medicine
Year
since 1996
Expert review
—
Verification
Verified: license text seen

Commercial use of PubMed

Commercial use: Unclear (Unstated). License status: Unstated.

Conditions
Attribution, Notice kept, No endorsement
Terms of use
The source carries terms of use; they do not state commercial use item by item.

Quoted statements and their sources are in PubMed license evidence.

Verdicts record what sources state and are not legal advice.

Tags

Intended use
Retrieval knowledge base
Specialty
Multi-specialty
Source type
Research literature

Quoted from the sourcePubMed contains more than 40 million citations and abstracts of biomedical literature.Snapshot s02

Author-statedInferredHuman-confirmed

PubMed license evidence 9

  1. Terms of use pagePage opened
    Third-party text · Terms of use pageDownloading data from the National Library of Medicine FTP servers indicates your acceptance of the following Terms and Conditions: No charges, usage fees or royalties are paid to NLM for this data.

    Statement found in snapshot s01 (terms-page)

    nlm.nih.gov2026-11-13 · s01
  2. Terms of use pagePage opened
    Third-party text · Terms of use pageacknowledge NLM as the source of the data by including the phrase "Courtesy of the U.S. National Library of Medicine" in a clear and conspicuous manner

    Statement found in snapshot s01 (terms-page)

    nlm.nih.gov2026-11-13 · s01
  3. Terms of use pagePage opened
    Third-party text · Terms of use pagenot indicate or imply that NLM has endorsed its products/services/applications.

    Statement found in snapshot s01 (terms-page)

    nlm.nih.gov2026-11-13 · s01
  1. Terms of use pagePage opened
    Third-party text · Terms of use pageUsers who republish or redistribute the data (services, products or raw data) agree to:

    Statement found in snapshot s01 (terms-page)

    nlm.nih.gov2026-11-13 · s01
  2. Terms of use pagePage opened
    Third-party text · Terms of use pageThese data are produced with a reasonable standard of care, but NLM makes no warranties express or implied, including no warranty of merchantability or fitness for particular purpose, regarding the accuracy or completeness of the data.

    Statement found in snapshot s01 (terms-page)

    nlm.nih.gov2026-11-13 · s01
  3. Site policy pagePage opened
    Third-party text · Site policy pageWorks produced by the U.S. government are not subject to copyright protection in the United States. Any such works found on National Library of Medicine (NLM) Web sites may be freely used or reproduced without permission in the U.S.

    Statement found in snapshot s03 (terms-page)

    nlm.nih.gov2026-11-13 · s03
  4. Site policy pagePage opened
    Third-party text · Site policy pageTransmission or reproduction of copyrighted items (beyond that allowed by fair use as defined in the U.S. copyright laws) requires the written permission of the copyright holders.

    Statement found in snapshot s03 (terms-page)

    nlm.nih.gov2026-11-13 · s03
  5. Site policy pagePage opened
    Third-party text · Site policy pageIt is your responsibility to determine and satisfy copyright or other use restrictions when using materials that are not in the public domain. NLM cannot guarantee the copyright status for any item.

    Statement found in snapshot s03 (terms-page)

    nlm.nih.gov2026-11-13 · s03
  6. Terms of use pagePage opened
    Third-party text · Terms of use pageNLM does not provide legal advice regarding copyright, fair use, or other aspects of intellectual property rights. See the NLM Copyright page.

    Statement found in snapshot s01 (terms-page)

    nlm.nih.gov2026-11-13 · s01

Source and lineage

  • Derived fromMEDLINEnot in the database
  • Derived fromPubMed Central (PMC)not in the database
  • Derived fromBookshelfnot in the database

Known issues with PubMed

  • Does not include full text journal articles; only citations and abstracts, with links to full text when available.
  • NLM cannot guarantee the copyright status of any item.

Preflight

Not run Runs only on ingested data; says nothing about quality.

Downloading PubMed and API access

No file on Mdexa (see the verdict). Get it from the source and confirm the terms there:

Citing PubMed

Mdexa, PubMed, https://mdexa.com/datasets/pubmed-medline/, verified 2026-11-13.
More citation details

The source gives no citation text; the line above cites this card.

Machine-readable

pubmed-medline.jsonpubmed-medline.mdcatalog.json

Change log 1
2026-11-13Listed on 2026-11-13. Judged by public rules and checked a second time before listing.

Datasets similar to PubMed

  • PMC-Patients-ReCDSVerified by MdexaText matchingEvaluation RestrictedLink only —

    License restricted: restrictions are read broadly: CC-BY-NC-SA-4.0. Risk flag(s): derived, Real patient text. Link only.

    Clinical medicine · Biomedical literature · Annotated corpora · Clinical cases · Literature · Derived · Real patient text

    Open the cardSave

    Shared: Specialty Multi-specialty · Source type Research literature · domain Biomedical literature · content Literature

  • PubMedCausalVerified by MdexaRelation extractionEvaluationReviewed, method unspecified PermissiveLink only —

    License permissive: first-hand data-scope statement(s) allow commercial use and redistribution. Link only.

    Biomedical literature · Annotated corpora · Literature

    Open the cardSave

    Shared: Specialty Multi-specialty · Source type Research literature · domain Biomedical literature · content Literature

  • HuatuoGPT2-Pretraining-InstructionVerified by MdexaOpen-ended QAPretraining PermissiveLink only —

    License permissive: first-hand data-scope statement(s) allow commercial use and redistribution. Risk flag(s): Model-generated. Link only.

    Clinical medicine · Biomedical literature · QA, dialogue and instruction data · Literature · Other · Model-generated

    Open the cardSave

    Shared: Specialty Multi-specialty · Source type Research literature · domain Biomedical literature · content Literature

  • Huatuo-Llama-Med-Chinese 知识库问答与文献数据Verified by MdexaMulti-turn dialogueFine-tuning RestrictedLink only ≥8,000 QA pairs

    License is restricted: README prohibits commercial use; link only.

    Clinical medicine · Biomedical literature · QA, dialogue and instruction data · Model-generated

    Open the cardSave

    Shared: Specialty Multi-specialty · Source type Research literature · domain Biomedical literature

  • MedQAUSMLE 4-option, US subset + English textbook corpusVerified by MdexaMultiple-choice (single answer)Evaluation PermissiveLink only —

    License permissive: first-hand data-scope statement(s) allow commercial use and redistribution. Risk flag(s): derived, Exam-derived. Link only.

    Clinical medicine · Question banks and benchmarks · Literature · Derived · Exam-derived

    Open the cardSave

    Shared: Intended use Retrieval knowledge base · Specialty Multi-specialty · system Modern medicine · content Literature